Evaluating the performance of prosthetic heart valves: transvalvular pressure drop vs. vortex ring formation number

A prominent performance metric used by the FDA to evaluate prosthetic heart valves is transvalvular pressure drop. ... METHODS To investigate vortex ring formation as a function of time relative to changing operating conditions, a piston driven heart simulator (Vivitro Heart system SD2001-1) was used. ... (3) The data collected from the Vivitro Heart system was used to find . ...