Biomechanical Engineering Analysis of an Acute Papillary Muscle Rupture Disease Model Using an Innovative 3D-Printed Left Heart Simulator

...The severity of acute papillary muscle (PM) rupture varies according to the extent and site of the rupture. However, the haemodynamic effects of different rupture variations are still poorly understood...A 3D printer (Carbon 3D, Redwood City, CA, USA) was used to prototype a modular left heart (left atrium and ventricle) and was mounted to a pulsatile linear piston pump (ViVitro Superpump; ViVitro Labs, Victoria, BC, Canada)...