Hemodynamic assessment of extra-cardiac tricuspid valves using particle image velocimetry

...The study utilises both 2-D and 3-D particle image velocimetry (PIV) to interrogate the flow patterns in the vicinity of the extra-cardiac tricuspid valves in an in vitro physiological flow loop, specifically at four measurement locations in the cavo-atrial anatomy. ... ... of the hepatic vein. In contrast, the SVC valve was fully implanted in the SVC. The mock circulatory system was driven by a pulse generator (SuperPump AR series, ViVitro Labs Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada). It comprised of an ultrasonic ...