Assistive technology using regurgitation fraction and fractional-order integration to assess pulmonary valve insufficiency for pre-surgery decision making and post-surgery outcome evaluation

...This study proposes an assistive technology to quantify regurgitation using the regurgitation fraction (RF) and heart pump efficiency (HPE). … pulmonary valves. The blood pressure and flow were driven by a digitally controlled hydraulic piston pump (ViViTro Labs Inc., Super Pump System, Victor, BC) to produce pulsatile waves with heart rates of 60 and 80 beats/min. The …