Use of 3D anatomical models in mock circulatory loops for cardiac medical device testing

The aim of this review is to provide an overview on Mock Circulatory Loops and to discuss the recent developments of 3D anatomical models for cardiovascular Medical Device testing. One example is the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator system. The simulator is provided with a flexible ventricular sac activated by a piston pump. The addition of 3D anatomical models enables more realistic connections of the Medical Device with the implantation site and enhances the testing capabilities of the Mock Circulatory Loop.