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Amico et al. Physics of Fluids 38, 021916 (2026)
The ViVitro Pulse Duplicator enabled a physiologically relevant, ISO 5840-aligned test environment for direct comparison of event-based imaging velocimetry (EBIV) and conventional PIV in a left-heart simulator with a transcatheter mitral valve. The study examined whether EBIV could quantify intraventricular flow with accuracy comparable to PIV under two cardiac-output conditions. Using synchronized, phase-locked acquisitions, the authors showed that EBIV reproduced the main hemodynamic features measured by PIV, including velocity fields, diastolic vortex structures, circulation, Lagrangian trajectories, pulsatile kinetic energy, and dominant POD modes. The work positions EBIV as a data-efficient, high-dynamic-range alternative for cardiac flow analysis, while underscoring the value of the ViVitro platform in delivering realistic, reproducible bench testing for device assessment and translational cardiovascular research.
Other Products Cited: Analysis and Computational Modeling Flow Visualization Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation TMVR
Visit SourceNajla Sadat , Antonia Osterloh , Michael Scharfschwerdt , Matthias Klinger , Buntaro Fujita , Stephan Ensminger
Structural Valve Deterioration Under the Lens: Insight into Heart Valve Durability and Calcification This study showcases some truly remarkable transformations in both surgical and transcatheter heart valves, all achieved in a controlled lab environment using our ViVitro AWT systems and a Pulse Duplicator. Over a 157 million cycle durability test, these valves were exposed to conditions that mimic years of loading while calcification occurs, allowing us to observe how calcium deposits impact structural valve deterioration. The findings are truly eye-opening. The study not only demonstrated how different valve designs and tissue types respond to calcification but also highlighted that our 1st gen HiCycle system, while solid and reliable, has paved the way for the even more advanced features of our current 3rd gen AWT systems. Imagine how much more we could uncover now with independent valve environments and continuous monitoring! We were especially impressed by the visual content—like Video 8 in the paper, which offers a side-by-side view of control versus calcified valves, a feature reminiscent of our latest Valve Comparison Tool. Ultimately, this research is a great testament to how ViVitro’s products are helping advance medical device testing in a way that reduces the need for animal and patient trials.
Other Products Cited: AWT with DCT Heart Valve Testing HiCycle Durability Tester TAVI
Visit SourceKatell Delanoë, Marie-Annick Clavel, Philippe Pibarot, and Viktória Stanová, Journal of Heart Valve Society, Volume 2, Issue 3-4, September-December 2025.
In a rare head-to-head comparison study between two surgical mitral valve prostheses (EDWARDS MITRIS RESILIA 27mm vs ABBOTT EPIC Plus 29mm, 3 samples each), the author addressed the lack of hemodynamic performance data comparing bovine and porcine tissue valves when placed in the mitral position. A unique customized Pulse Duplicator system fitted with two ViVitro Labs pulsatile flow pumps was used to simultaneously activate left atrial and left ventricular chambers with molded transparent soft silicone models. The study showed that both valves met ISO 5840 requirements, but MITRIS performed noticeably better, with a 25% lower pressure gradient, 12% larger GOA, and 15% larger EOA. More work is needed to translate those results into clinical benefits for patients. This original research demonstrates how the modularity and versatility of the ViVitro Labs pulsatile flow pump empower researchers to build advanced mock flow loop systems and generate high-quality comparative performance data that support device optimization and innovation.
Other Products Cited: Heart Valve Testing
Visit SourceCamilo E Pérez-Cualtán et al 2025 Prog. Biomed. Eng. 7 042007
Using a modified ViVitro Pulse Duplicator system, researchers achieved one of the most advanced preclinical test benches to date for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement (TPVR). This platform allowed integration of patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery models to evaluate valve hemodynamics under physiologic conditions. The ViVitro system enabled precise measurement of pressure gradients and regurgitation, which were then compared with in vivo catheterization data—demonstrating excellent correlation and validating the use of 3D-printed geometries for personalized testing. This work highlights how ViVitro technology facilitates translational research by linking computational design, in-vitro modeling, and clinical validation to optimize device sizing and placement for complex congenital heart conditions.
Other Products Cited: Analysis and Computational Modeling Customized Circulatory Loop Heart Valve Testing
Visit SourceJingdi Wan, Hongping Wang, Bo Liu, Xiaolei Yang, Xiaodong Hu, Shengze Cai, Guowei He, Yang Liu? arXiv:2507.09621 [physics.flu-dyn]
Physics-Based AI Enhances Prediction of Post-TAVR Flow Dynamics Using the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator, researchers generated high-fidelity in-vitro flow data to validate TrajectoryFlowNet—a physics-informed machine learning framework for predicting complex cardiovascular fluid dynamics. The ViVitro system recreated physiological pulsatile conditions within a silicone aortic root and 3D-printed arteries, enabling accurate 3D particle image velocimetry (PIV) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The resulting experimental dataset trained and tested TrajectoryFlowNet without explicit boundary constraints, yet achieved high correlation (≈0.9) between predicted and measured particle velocities. This study highlights how the ViVitro Labs System’s precise flow replication enables the development of robust AI models bridging physical realism and data-driven prediction for next-generation cardiovascular diagnostics.
Other Products Cited: Flow Visualization Heart Valve Testing
Visit SourceAlbrahimi, E., Aka, I. B., Alhaj Ali, M. H., Korun, O., Odemis, E., Ipek, G. doi:10.3791/68173 (2025).
In this study, researchers leveraged the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator System to replicate physiological cardiac function and evaluate mitral valve performance under controlled, reproducible conditions. The system enabled precise control of key hemodynamic parameters—such as heart rate, systolic-to-diastolic ratio, and stroke volume—providing a realistic simulation of cardiac cycles. Through its automated computation of critical values including regurgitant volume and pressure gradients, the Pulse Duplicator simplified complex analyses and enhanced data accuracy. By enabling real-time, quantitative hemodynamic assessment, the ViVitro system served as an essential bridge between computational models and in vivo testing. It allowed researchers to validate surgical repair strategies for congenital and pediatric mitral valve anomalies in a biologically relevant, ex vivo environment. This standardized testing framework accelerates translational research and ensures that novel repair techniques are optimized for patient safety and clinical efficacy before entering human trials. Through its unmatched precision and reproducibility, the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator System continues to empower innovation in cardiovascular device development and surgical training—driving forward the future of mitral valve repair research.
Other Products Cited: Ex ViVo Simulation Heart Valve Testing
Visit SourceZeping Zhang, Rizheng Han, Yueen Liu, Xinqi Yu, Guixue Wang, Yun Bai, Rui Yang, Tao Jin, Xing Zhang,Chemical Engineering Journal,Volume 518, 2025,
In this study the ViVitro Labs Pulse Duplicator system played an essential role in simulating physiological aortic and pulmonary flow conditions to assess the hydrodynamic performance of a bioinspired trilayer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds designed for tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs). By replicating the fibrosa-spongiosa-ventricularis architecture using electrospinning on custom collectors, the authors developed a scaffold (BTS) that successfully mimics the anisotropic and nonlinear ('J-curve') mechanical behavior of native valve leaflets. The BTS exhibited favorable biomechanical performance, excellent biocompatibility, and compliance with ISO 5840-2 criteria. These results highlight the scaffold’s translational promise in pediatric and young adult valve replacements. The successful demonstration of effective orifice area and regurgitation rate compliance underscores the Pulse Duplicator’s value in de-risking translation to clinical applications.
Other Products Cited: Flow Visualization Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation Tissue Engineering
Visit SourceDi Leonardo S, Vella D, Pisano C, Argano V, Burriesci G IRBM, Volume 46, Issue 4, 2025, 100897
Utilizing the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator, this study simulated a wide range of clinically relevant subaortic membrane (SAM) scenarios to quantify their impact on aortic valve hydrodynamics. By varying membrane stiffness, size, and alignment, the research team demonstrated that hemodynamic compromise becomes significant below a membrane orifice area (MOA) of 75%, with stiff membranes triggering higher pressure gradients and leaflet fluttering. Concentric flexible membranes yielded better outcomes under increasing cardiac output. Notably, the ViVitro platform enabled precise measurement of dynamic variables like regurgitation and fluttering amplitude, underscoring its value in preclinical modeling of disease states and guiding surgical thresholds for intervention
Other Products Cited: Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation
Visit SourceOdemis, E., Başar Aka, I., & Han Kızılkaya, M. Pediatric Cardiology. 2025.
This study assesses the Pulsta THV® valve’s in vitro hemodynamic performance across these RVOT morphologies using 3D-printed models. For this study, valves were tested using the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator System (ViVitro Labs Inc., Victoria, BC), a system designed to simulate physiological conditions as used in previous studies. Our experiments demonstrated that the larger valve size consistently had lower regurgitation rates across all cardiac outputs.
Other Products Cited: Customized Circulatory Loop Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation
Visit SourceAmponsah, J., Archibong-Eso, A., Aliyu, A. M., & Wilberforce Awotwe, T.
This work models and numerically simulate the influence of blood viscosity on cavitation within tMHVs, using FSI principles. The experiments used a hydro-mechanical pulse duplicator system (ViVitro Superpump System SP3891, ViVitro Labs Inc., Canada) designed to replicate physiological conditions. Our simulations reveal that cavitation is primarily driven by sharp pressure drops during valve closure, with cavitation inception occurring at pressures as low as 4.5 Pa, a level significantly lower than previously reported ranges of 15–20 Pa.
Other Products Cited: Analysis and Computational Modeling Flow Visualization Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation
Visit SourceHong Fang, Shi Su, Liang Zhang, Shuchun Li, Kun Zhang, Kejing Yi, Mengxiao Shi, Nan Wang, Qing Zhou, Min Jin, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Volume 191, 2025, 110106
Elegant demonstration on how the ViVitro Labs Pulse Duplicator with a standard chamber configuration can be used to study the hemodynamic impact of transcatheter heart valve (THV) positioning during valve-in-valve (ViV) procedures. "implantation depth of the interventional valve can affect its hemodynamic performance and valve opening-closing morphology" 'SHV is mounted on the pulse duplicator system (Vivitro-08957, ViVitro Labs, Canada). Powered by the SuperPump and incorporating the Left Heart Flow Measuring and ViVitest Data Acquisition systems, the setup is tailored for resistance and compliance adjustments, allowing real-time data capture from aortic or mitral valves under various simulated cardiac pathologies. In collaboration with ViVitest software, it ensures efficient data collection and analysis of flow and pressure, strictly adhering to ISO 5840 standards for comprehensive cardiac state physiological assessments"
Other Products Cited: Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation
Visit SourceDylan Goode, Lawrence Scotten, Rolland Siegel, David Blundon, James Dutton, Hadi Mohammadi Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 184, 2025, 112647
The in vitro evaluation was performed using a pulse duplicator system (ViVitro Laboratories Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada), which was enhanced with an optoelectronic subsystem called the Leonardo LNS apparatus. This apparatus allows the pulse duplicator to provide critical performance metrics for analyzing valve functionality. This system allows for the projected open area (POA), measured in cm2, of the prosthetic valves to be measured. With a light source illuminating the transparent flexible left
Other Products Cited: Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation
Visit SourceMao, P.; Jin, M.; Li, W.; Zhang, H.; Li, H.; Li, S.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, M.; Shi, Y.; Zhang, X.; et al. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1135.
This research the left ventricular chamber of a ViVitro Labs Pulse was customized to create an ex-vivo Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR) model with isolated annular dilation. The advanced ex-vivo model in used to study the performance of various mitral annuloplasty rings in simulated used physiological conditions. The ViVitro Labs Pulse chamber design and structure provides maximum modularity to create unique support without compromising system performance. "The TaurusOne was tested in vitro in a pulse duplicator system (ViVitro Labs Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada) (Figure 1b), operating at a rate of 70 beats per minute (bpm). The test chamber was filled with 37 °C distilled water to simulate the testing environment recommended by ISO 5840-3 [20]. A linear motor-driven plunger pump was used to precisely control the pressure values on both sides of the fluid according to the aortic valve pressure gradient curve of the clinical patient"
Other Products Cited: Customized Circulatory Loop Customized circulatory systems Heart Valve Repair
Visit SourceJunke Yao, Xinyi Pi, Giorgia Maria Bosi, Gaetano Burriesci, & Helge Wurdemann. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1114-1121, Feb 2025.
The main goal of this study is to analyze the phase synchrony of balloon inflation with cardiac frequency using a robotic device and assess its dilatation performance compared to the standard. A pressure sensor was hydraulically connected to the ventricular chamber of a ViVitro Pulse Duplicator (ViVitro Labs, Inc. Victoria, BC, Canada). The ViVitest software enables the analysis of the flow rate and pressures of the aortic and ventricular chambers and the estimation of the effective orifice area. Our method shows better dilatation performance, as evidenced by notable improvements in pressure gradient and aortic valve opening area.
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Visit SourceZhu, Y., Imbrie-Moore, A.M., Park, M.H. et al. Commun Med 5, 40 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00753-6
This research demonstrates how the left ventricular chamber of a ViVitro Labs Pulse can be customized to create an ex-vivo Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR) model with isolated annular dilation. The advanced ex-vivo model in used to study the performance of various mitral annuloplasty rings in simulated used physiological conditions. "The ex vivo left heart simulator, which has been previously described17,18,19,20,21, features a pulsatile linear piston pump (ViVitro Superpump, ViVitro Labs, Victoria, BC, Canada) which generates physiologic hemodynamics in accordance with ISO 5840 in vitro cardiac valve testing standards using the pump controller and software (ViVitest Software, ViVitro Labs, Fig. 3d)."
Other Products Cited: Customized Circulatory Loop Heart Valve Repair
Visit SourceLeister, R., Karl, R., Stroh, L., Mereles, D., Eden, M., Neff, L., de Simone, R., Romano, G., Kriegseis, J., Karck, M., Lichtenstern, C., Frey, N., Frohnapfel, B., Stroh, A., & Engelhardt, S. Cardiovasc Eng Tech (2025).
In this study the accuracy of the flow convergence method was assessed in a hemodynamic reproducible in-vitro environment. The frequency of the pump (ViVitro SuperPump, ViVitro Labs, Inc., Victoria, Canada) is adjusted to 80 bpm and the stroke volume of the pump is set to reach a left ventricular pressure of approximately 120 mmHg. The most obvious finding is that the RVol determined by physicians with the flow convergence methods underestimates the RVol for eight out of nine MROPs.
Other Products Cited: Analysis and Computational Modeling Flow Visualization Heart Valve Testing Pulsatile Flow Simulation Ultrasound Measurements
Visit SourceSebastian Kaule*, Michael Stiehm, Stefan Siewert, Alper Öner, and Klaus-Peter Schmitz
The ViVitro Labs Pulse Duplicator is used in its standard configuration to assess the hydrodynamic performance of Transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis (TAVI) according to ISO 5840-3:2021 requirements (TAVR). "For the pulsatile flow testing a commercial pulse duplicator system (ViVitro Labs, Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada) was used. Testing was conducted at a heart rate of 70 bpm and a systolic duration of 35% ± 3%. The test fluid was 0.9% saline at a temperature of 37 °C ± 2°C. The cardiac output (CO) was varied between 2.0 l/min, 3.5 l/min, 5 l/min, and 7 l/min. And the mean aortic pressure (MAP) was adjusted to 100 mmHg ±5 mmHg in every measurement"
Other Products Cited: Heart Valve Testing
Visit SourceMirza, A.; Hsu, C.-P.D.; Rodriguez, A.; Alvarez, P.; Lou, L.; Sey, M.; Agarwal, A.; Ramaswamy, S.; Hutcheson. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 955.
In this study, we used a PSIS scaffold as a testing environment to investigate whether there are any hydrodynamic or mechanical differences between an uncalcified and very mildly calcified valve. PSIS valve functionality was tested using the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator system (ViVitro Labs, Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada), which has the capability for recording flow and pressure data around any valve being tested. Clinically, there is no difference in hydrodynamics between a healthy aortic valve and one that is in the very early stages of CAVD.
Other Products Cited: Analysis and Computational Modeling Heart Valve Testing
Visit SourcePangelina, Chaztyn; Vu, Vi; May-Newman, Karen. ASAIO Journal. August 22, 2024.
The vortex that forms in the aortic sinus plays a vital role in optimizing blood flow. A mock circulatory loop consisting of a programmable pulse duplicator (Vivitro, Canada) attached to a customized tank for the left ventricle and LVAD, and aortic viewing chamber were integrated into a modified Windkessel circuit suitable for heart failure. The hemodynamics produced by the study conditions reflect a range of bypass conditions of the native heart and the LVAD.
Other Products Cited: Flow Visualization VAD Testing
Visit SourceDylan Goode, Lawrence Scotten, Rolland Siegel, Hadi Mohammadi. Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 174, September 2024.
Current surgical aortic valve (AV) replacement options include bioprosthetic and mechanical heart valves (MHVs), each with inherent limitations. In-vitro testing was conducted utilizing a pulse duplicator system (ViVitro Labs Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada), enhanced by integrating an optoelectronic subsystem dubbed the Leonardo apparatus. The iValve brings forth a novel approach to MHV design that aims to bring the robust longevity of an MHV while providing hemodynamics that is more akin to the native valve.
Other Products Cited: Flow Visualization Heart Valve Testing
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