Articles Related to Analysis and Computational Modeling

Amico et al. Physics of Fluids 38, 021916 (2026)

The ViVitro Pulse Duplicator enabled a physiologically relevant, ISO 5840-aligned test environment for direct comparison of event-based imaging velocimetry (EBIV) and conventional PIV in a left-heart simulator with a transcatheter mitral valve. The study examined whether EBIV could quantify intraventricular flow with accuracy comparable to PIV under two cardiac-output conditions. Using synchronized, phase-locked acquisitions, the authors showed that EBIV reproduced the main hemodynamic features measured by PIV, including velocity fields, diastolic vortex structures, circulation, Lagrangian trajectories, pulsatile kinetic energy, and dominant POD modes. The work positions EBIV as a data-efficient, high-dynamic-range alternative for cardiac flow analysis, while underscoring the value of the ViVitro platform in delivering realistic, reproducible bench testing for device assessment and translational cardiovascular research.

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Camilo E Pérez-Cualtán et al 2025 Prog. Biomed. Eng. 7 042007

Using a modified ViVitro Pulse Duplicator system, researchers achieved one of the most advanced preclinical test benches to date for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement (TPVR). This platform allowed integration of patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery models to evaluate valve hemodynamics under physiologic conditions. The ViVitro system enabled precise measurement of pressure gradients and regurgitation, which were then compared with in vivo catheterization data—demonstrating excellent correlation and validating the use of 3D-printed geometries for personalized testing. This work highlights how ViVitro technology facilitates translational research by linking computational design, in-vitro modeling, and clinical validation to optimize device sizing and placement for complex congenital heart conditions.

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Amponsah, J., Archibong-Eso, A., Aliyu, A. M., & Wilberforce Awotwe, T.

This work models and numerically simulate the influence of blood viscosity on cavitation within tMHVs, using FSI principles. The experiments used a hydro-mechanical pulse duplicator system (ViVitro Superpump System SP3891, ViVitro Labs Inc., Canada) designed to replicate physiological conditions. Our simulations reveal that cavitation is primarily driven by sharp pressure drops during valve closure, with cavitation inception occurring at pressures as low as 4.5 Pa, a level significantly lower than previously reported ranges of 15–20 Pa.

Other Products Cited:  Flow Visualization  Heart Valve Testing  Pulsatile Flow Simulation  Pulse Duplicator

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Leister, R., Karl, R., Stroh, L., Mereles, D., Eden, M., Neff, L., de Simone, R., Romano, G., Kriegseis, J., Karck, M., Lichtenstern, C., Frey, N., Frohnapfel, B., Stroh, A., & Engelhardt, S. Cardiovasc Eng Tech (2025).

In this study the accuracy of the flow convergence method was assessed in a hemodynamic reproducible in-vitro environment. The frequency of the pump (ViVitro SuperPump, ViVitro Labs, Inc., Victoria, Canada) is adjusted to 80 bpm and the stroke volume of the pump is set to reach a left ventricular pressure of approximately 120 mmHg. The most obvious finding is that the RVol determined by physicians with the flow convergence methods underestimates the RVol for eight out of nine MROPs.

Other Products Cited:  Flow Visualization  Heart Valve Testing  Pulsatile Flow Simulation  Pulse Duplicator  Ultrasound Measurements

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Caroline C. Smid, Georgios A. Pappas, Nikola Cesarovic, Volkmar Falk & Paolo Ermanni

This study discussed novel flexible leaflet designs, focusing on polymeric materials with proven hemocompatibility, such as polyether ether ketone, of much higher stiffness than native tissue, aiming at optimal valve implants

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Mirza, A.; Hsu, C.-P.D.; Rodriguez, A.; Alvarez, P.; Lou, L.; Sey, M.; Agarwal, A.; Ramaswamy, S.; Hutcheson. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 955.

In this study, we used a PSIS scaffold as a testing environment to investigate whether there are any hydrodynamic or mechanical differences between an uncalcified and very mildly calcified valve. PSIS valve functionality was tested using the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator system (ViVitro Labs, Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada), which has the capability for recording flow and pressure data around any valve being tested. Clinically, there is no difference in hydrodynamics between a healthy aortic valve and one that is in the very early stages of CAVD.

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Baylous K, Kovarovic B, Anam S, Helbock R, Slepian M, Bluestein D. ArXiv [Preprint].

Prosthetic heart valve interventions such as TAVR have surged over the past decade, but the associated complication of long-term, life-threatening thrombotic events continues to undermine patient outcomes. The hydrodynamic testing of a 29-mm CoreValve was conducted using a pulse duplicator system (Left Heart Simulator, ViVitro Labs, Victoria, BC). Post-TAVR deployment hemodynamics in patient-specific bicuspid aortic valve anatomies revealed varying degrees of thrombogenic risk for these patients, despite being clinically defined as “mild” paravalvular leak.

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Lennart van de Velde, Majorie van Helvert, Stefan Engelhard, Ashkan Ghanbarzadeh-Dagheyan, Hadi Mirgolbabaee, Jason Voorneveld, Guillaume Lajoinie, Michel Versluis, Michel M. P. J. Reijnen, Erik Groot Jebbink, Journal of Medical Imaging, Vol. 11, Issue 3, 037001 (May 2024)

To investigate the accuracy of high-framerate echo particle image velocimetry (ePIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for determining velocity vectors in femoral bifurcation models through comparison with optical particle image velocimetry (oPIV). A hydraulic piston pump (SuperPump, ViVitro labs, Victoria, Canada) was used to enforce time-varying forward flow. The accuracy of blood flow assessment was investigated in models of the femoral bifurcation by clinically applicable ePIV measurements and CFD simulations.

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S. F. Melo, A. Nondonfaz, A. Aqil, A. Pierrard, A. Hulin, C. Delierneux, B. Ditkowski, M. Gustin, M. Legrand, B. M. E. Tullemans, S. L. N. Brouns, A. Nchimi, R. Carrus, A. Dejosé, J. W. M. Heemskerk, M. J. E. Kuijpers, J. Ritter, U. Steinseifer, J. C. Clauser, C. Jérôme, P. Lancellotti, and C. Oury, Biomater. Sci., 2024

Valve replacement with prosthetic heart valves has shown to substantially improve survival in patients, and is currently considered the effective treatment for aortic valve disease. Manufactured tri-leaflet NIPU valves with an internal diameter of 19 mm were placed in the aortic valve position of a left heart model (pulse duplicator equipment, from ViVitro labs). Testing of the NIPU valves in a pulse duplicator showed good hydrodynamic performance.

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Karl, R., Leister, R., Stroh, L., Mereles, D., Eden, M., Neff, L., Simone, R.D., Romano, G., Kriegseis, J., Karck, M., Lichtenstern, C., Frey, N., Frohnapfel, B., Stroh, A., & Engelhardt, S.

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common valvular heart conditions and caused by the retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium (LA) through the mitral valve (MV). The frequency of the pump (ViVitro SuperPump, ViVitro Labs, Inc., Victoria, Canada) is adjusted to 80 bpm and the stroke volume of the pump is set to reach a left ventricular pressure of approximately 120 mmHg. The present work compares the measurement of regurgitation jet by ultrasound accomplished by three different physicians with three different systems.

Other Products Cited:  Flow Visualization  Heart Valve Testing  SuperPump

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Spanjaards, M., Borowski, F., Supp, L. et al. Biomech Model Mechanobiol (2024).

A workflow to perform fast preoperative risk assessment of paravalvular leakage (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is presented in this paper. Physiological pressure and flow conditions in the aortic root are generated using a commercial pulse duplicator system from ViVitro Labs Inc. (Victoria, Canada). This model can be used to calculate the regurgitant volume after TAVR at reduced cost.

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Viktória Stanová, Régis Rieu, Lionel Thollon, Erwan Salaun, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Nancy Côté, Diego Mantovani, Philippe Pibarot

Aortic valve stenosis is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease in high-income countries after hypertension and coronary artery disease and is associated with increased risk of heart failure and mortality. Contraction of the left ventricle and left atrium were obtained using two ViVitro piston pumps (ViVitro Inc, Victoria, Canada). The results of this in vitro/in silico study suggest that newer generations of THVs have ∼30% lower leaflet mechanical stress than the early generations.

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Paulo Yu, Vibhav Durgesh, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol 138, October 1 2022

Aneurysms are abnormal expansion of weakened blood vessels which can be debilitating or fatal upon rupture. Previous studies have shown that hemodynamics play a role in aneurysm formation, growth and rupture. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate the impact of flow structures on vortex strength, impinging location, and wall shear stress for two aneurysm models. ...The inflow parameters used in this study, and , were controlled using a ViVitro Labs Inc. SuperPump system... ...The flow evolution results showed that impacted the vortex formation, growth, and dissipation processes for the studied aneurysm model...

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K.Yu. Klyshnikov, P.S. Onischenko, Е.А. Ovcharenko, СТМ, 2022, vol. 14, No.2

The aim of the study was to study the complex biomechanics of the aortic valve prosthesis and to analyze the effect of frame mobility on the stress-strain state and geometry of the valve leaflet apparatus using a numerical simulation method, which reproduces the qualitative and quantitative results of its bench tests. ...The simulation was validated by comparing the results of numerical and bench simulation on the ViVitro Labs hydrodynamic system (ViVitro Labs Inc., Canada)... ...The results of the UniLine prosthesis biomechanics modeling have demonstrated that mobility of the frame struts of the heart valve prosthesis is a crucial aspect in assessing the effectiveness of the leaflet apparatus geometry and may be a negative factor in case of a highly elastic leaflet material...

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